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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party The history of the Kurdistan Workers' Party began in 1974 as a Marxist–Leninist organization under the leadership of Abdullah Öcalan. In 1978 the organization adopted the name "Kurdistan Workers Party" and waged Urban War between 1978–1980. The organization restructured itself and moved the organization structure to Syria between 1980–1984 just after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état. The campaign of armed violence began in 1984.〔 The rural-based insurgency lasted between 1984–1992. The PKK shifted its activities to include urban terrorism between 1993–1995 and later 1996–1999.〔 The leader of the party was captured in Kenya in early 1999.〔 After a "self declared peace initiative of 1999", returned to active stage in February 2004.〔 Since 1974, it had been able to evolve and adapt, having gone through a metamorphosis,〔Joost Jongerden, PKK, CEU Political Science Journal. Vol. 3, No. 1 page 127-132〕 which became the main factor in its survival. It had gradually grown from a handful of political students to a radical organization to become one of the targets of the War on Terrorism. == Origin == The PKK's origins can be traced back to 1974 when Öcalan and a small group of radicals from Dev-Genç ("Revolutionary Youth") decided to develop a Kurdish-based left wing organization. Dev-Genç originated in the 1960s from the radical left in Turkey and drew its leaders, members and militants from the disenfranchised. Following Turkey's rapid industrial development during the 1950s and 60s, there were numerous official and spontaneous strikes and factory occupations between 1968 and 1971. Violent confrontations with the police were common. Numerous groups and organizations arose which, in one way or another, regarded themselves as socialist. "Dev-Genç" also arose from a rebellion against the leadership of the newly founded social democratic TIP (Workers Party) in the mid-1960s. Most of these organization were crushed by the security establishment. The members of this new small organization actively participated in different branches of Dev-Genç. In 1971 Abdullah Öcalan joined the underground movements trying to overthrow Turkey's parliamentary system while he was student at the Ankara University Political Sciences Faculty. Öcalan was also sympathetic with the People’s Liberation Party of Turkey (THKO).〔 Öcalan used the skills and the social network that he developed during this period to become the leader. Like "Dev-Genç", Apocus was a splinter organization. What made Apocus, later PKK, different was that it decided to move its activities from Ankara, capital city, to southern border towns of Turkey. Unlike most Kurdish political parties, which adopted a rather conservative outlook and were organized around tribal leaders and structures, they had a fierce stance, strong convictions, and a disciplined but decentralized organization which contributed to a steady rise and growing effectiveness〔 Much of the early development was inspired by the rise of decolonization movements and their potential to be adapted to the Kurdish question. Transferring to southern border towns with a radical left rhetoric gave this group initial resources during a time when Turkey had problems with Syria and was a pawn in the proxy wars of the Cold War. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.